The model of Technical Rationality is a concept primarily discussed by Donald Schön in his influential book, "The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action." This model refers to the traditional view of professional knowledge and practice, which is based on the application of scientific theory and technique to solve practical problems.
>>the key points of the model of Technical Rationality:
Separation of Thinking and Doing:
In this model, professional practice is seen as the application of scientific knowledge to the problems of practice. There is a clear separation between thinking (planning and theory) and doing (execution and practice).
Hierarchy of Knowledge:
Technical Rationality places scientific, objective knowledge at the top of the hierarchy. It values formal, codified knowledge over practical, experiential knowledge.
Problem-Solving Approach:
Problems are seen as solvable through the application of scientific methods and techniques. The practitioner is expected to diagnose the problem and apply the correct techniques to solve it.
Certainty and Predictability:
The model assumes that problems are stable, clear-cut, and can be addressed with predictable solutions. It relies on the idea that scientific methods provide certainty and control.
>> Critique and Alternative Models:
Schön critiques the model of Technical Rationality for being too rigid and not reflective of the complexities and uncertainties of real-world practice. He argues that this model does not adequately account for the tacit knowledge, intuition, and reflective practices that professionals use in their work.
>> Reflective Practice:
As an alternative, Schön proposes the concept of Reflective Practice, which emphasizes:
Reflection-in-Action:
The process of thinking on your feet and adapting to changing situations during the action itself. It involves a continuous interaction between thinking and doing.
Reflection-on-Action:
Looking back on the actions taken and the decisions made to understand what happened and why. This reflection helps to improve future practice.
Integration of Theory and Practice:
Reflective practice integrates scientific knowledge with experiential knowledge. It values the insights gained through practice and encourages professionals to develop their own theories-in-use.
Complexity and Uncertainty:
Recognizes that real-world problems are often complex and uncertain. Reflective practitioners must be able to navigate these uncertainties and adapt their approaches accordingly.
[1] Schön, D. A. (2017). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Routledge.
[2] Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner.
[3] Schon, D. A. (1959). The reflective practitioner. New York.
[4] Adler, S. (1991). The reflective practitioner and the curriculum of teacher education. Journal of Education for teaching, 17(2), 139-150.
[5] Crawford, L., Morris, P., Thomas, J., & Winter, M. (2006). Practitioner development: From trained technicians to reflective practitioners. International journal of Project management, 24(8), 722-733.
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